Market Survey on Copper Smelting Overview, Growth Opportunities, and Extension Up to 2026
Copper Smelting Market: Overview
Smelting
is a process of applying heat to ore in order to extract the base metal. It is
a form of extractive metallurgy. It is employed to extract metals from their
ores including silver, iron, copper, and other base metals. Smelting uses heat
and a chemical reducing agent to decompose the ore, emitting other elements as
gases or slag and precipitating the base metal. Copper ore typically contains
only about 0.6% of the actual copper mineral, the most common ore mined being
chalcopyrite. The ore is obtained by using traditional methods such as
underground mining and open-pit mining, with the latter method accounting for
90% of the ore used in smelting. The ore is crushed, screened, and washed
before being further processed.
Copper Smelting Market: Key Segments
The copper
smelting market can be segmented based on process, end-user, and region.
Based on process, the copper smelting market can be divided into reverberatory
smelting, oxygen flash smelting, acid plant, tapping-the-flash furnace,
converter furnace, and others. Reverberatory smelting and oxygen flash smelting
are methods that require the resultant molten copper to be further processed to
attain 99.9% pure copper. The gas emitted during the process is converted into
sulphuric acid, which can be used within the plant or sold as a byproduct. A
reverberatory furnace is fabricated from steel beams into a rectangular
structure which is lined outside and inside with firebricks. Fossil fuel-
and/or oxygen-fired burners provide exothermic heat required to melt the copper
ore, which is supplied by the conveyor to the gas-tight hopper. A reverberatory
furnace has a tapping point for molten copper and slag. There is normally a
waste heat boiler incorporated in the reverberatory furnace, as a large amount
heat is utilized in this smelting process.
Oxygen
flash smelting is a relatively new and efficient method of smelting copper. The
operation takes place in a furnace that has been pre-heated, preferably by
natural gas burners. A fine mixture of copper ore, sand, and limestone is
injected with the help of compressed oxygenated air, prompting immediate
endothermic combustion at a temperature of 1100°C, without using any other fuel
source. The copper ore gets transformed into molten copper droplets that fall
onto the bottom of the furnace, forming a molten copper layer with a slag
floating on top of it. Molten copper is tapped and subjected to the same
processes as the reverberatory furnace smelted copper, except for the converter
stage, as it has been already converted into blister copper in the flash
furnace.
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Copper Smelting Market: Drivers &
Restraints
Based on
end-user, the copper smelting market has been segmented into admiralty;
merchant shipbuilders; and manufacturers of copper medals, tokens, and coins.
Copper is also used for electricity supply, construction, industrial machines
and plants, transport, consumer goods, and other applications. Due to its
excellent electric and thermal conductivity, copper is suitable for use in
electric engineering, electronics, and telecommunications. Its electric
conductivity is 1.5 times higher than that of aluminum, which makes copper the
preferred input material for electric mains. Despite its good formability,
copper is extremely strong and it has high corrosion resistance.
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Copper Smelting Market: Regional Outlook
Based on
region, the global copper smelting market can be segmented into North America,
Latin America, Asia Pacific, Europe, and Middle East & Africa. Asia Pacific
led the global copper smelting market, accounting for a major copper smelting
market share in 2017. Economic growth and rising consumption levels in Asia
Pacific provide significant growth opportunities to the copper smelting market
in the region. Performance of the global economy also affects the copper smelting
market, with increase in demand for China's exports influencing copper usage
and other downstream products such as refrigerators. Major producers of copper
ore are Chile, the U.S., and Australia, with a majority of copper ore coming
from open-pit mining in these countries.
Copper Smelting Market: Key Players
Key
players operating in the global copper smelting market are Aditya Birla
Management Corporation Pvt. Ltd., ASARCO LLC, Jiangxi Copper Group Corporation,
National Copper & Smelting, Vedanta Limited, Aurubis AG, and Yunnan Copper
Co., Ltd.
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